Personal Statement Adjust(including) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Individual Statement Adjust(including) - Essay Example Thus, understudies who moved on from instructive foundations can win salaries so as to keep up an elevated expectation of living in the nation while additionally offering back to the general public that is liable for their childhood and upheld them when they were dependants. For me, I have picked up the intrigue and comprehension of human science and monetary teaches because of the encounters I have picked up while living in the State of California. Nothing has been satisfying than bridging the United States. In such manner, I have procured remarkable and significant encounters than I had ever gotten in any of my past movements. As a result, the movements have empowered me to bring alive the data that I had just perused in books and consistently needed to involvement with my life. In accordance with this, my movements have driven me to California, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Nevada where I have gotten an opportunity to relax. I have come to find out about the tasks in each exp ress that I have traveled with each state and city visited having various components that made it unmistakable in its own particular manner, which clarifies the distinctions in the public eye and economies various states experienced. For instance, New York City has the high travel utility in the United States and a fruitful money related market in the Wall Street. Then again, San Jose has a huge expressway framework to help the third thickly populated city in California and the renowned high innovation organizations situated in the Silicon Valley area. My chipping in jobs with the Salvation Army and the Second Harvest Bank hugy affected my life. It was during this time I understood and distinguished the distinction between the general public and the economy. Throughout my work with these two associations, I gathered, pressed, and dispersed materials on my approach to turning into an expert volunteer. My experience with respect to two local people arguingâ about the amount of dinner s they got remains everlastingly scratched in my psyche. After they had their suppers, the two local people left without referencing a word after the pioneer had quieted them and gotten some information about their issue after the feast. From there on, the pioneer revealed to me that they encountered difficulties while conveying the food. In any case, I discovered this methodology a way that the general public helps the low social chain of importance so as to keep up a consistent mood in the country’s monetary development in spite of the fact that it does not have a philosophy as far as a social equalization. Taking part in the swap meet was a basic method of rehearsing my insight about this present reality. To start with, we completed an examination with my group about the religion, race, and financial class of the populace in Cupertino. In light of data in regards to populace foundation, we had the option to improve plans to accomplish our objectives and gauge the dangers a ssociated with the business that we wanted to embrace. Thusly, we completed a gauge of the interest for items, selling cost, and costs that we would cause so as to build up the benefits we would make. We set up the methodology of advancing the items by the idea of taking

Best College Writing Paper

Best College Writing PaperOne of the most difficult things that comes up for writing college papers is figuring out exactly what kind of paper you should be submitting. There are a lot of options out there and you will want to pick the one that is going to make you the most money off of the ones that you do submit. The most effective ways to get a good grade is by picking the paper that has a very good payoff.The first thing that you will want to remember when you are trying to figure out which paper you are going to write is that there is no right or wrong answer when it comes to your choice of topic. For instance, if you are trying to get better grades in college, then the paper that you choose should have a good payoff. While this is true, you do want to make sure that you pick a topic that has potential to make you more money than just a basic requirement of a college writing class.It is also very important that you remember that even though there is a certain amount of time that you have allotted for writing your paper, you will want to make sure that you are using it wisely. If you spend too much time on a certain paper, then you may not get anywhere with it. You will want to try to strike a balance between writing and rewording until you are able to write a fast and effective college writing paper. This way, you can come out with a good grade for your paper.It is also very important that you read up on the various writing styles and skills that you can utilize when you are writing. You will want to make sure that you are writing a paper that is going to help you achieve the outcome that you are after. You will want to remember that you do not want to be too dense with words when you are trying to write a paper.When you are trying to write a paper, you want to find ways to keep from getting too bogged down with every single detail of your paper. Instead, you want to find the specific topic that you want to write about and then try to put your thoughts on paper. This way, you will be able to narrow down your topics to the particular aspect that you want to focus on.It is also very important that you remember that in order to write a college writing paper, you do not want to come up with as many ideas as possible. The more ideas that you come up with, the harder it will be to come up with a cohesive essay. You will be able to limit yourself to only the best ideas that you come up with.Just because you are a student that is starting to write a college writing paper does not mean that you will be able to come up with the most original idea ever. This means that you will have to be patient when you are starting to write the paper. Just keep in mind that there are plenty of others out there that are getting a good grade out of their writing too.The final thing that you will want to remember is that there is no one set writing style for all writing assignments. Remember that each paper is going to be unique in it's own way. You will want t o take a step back and see what the options are and how they might work with your particular requirements.

Whats new

What’s new Happy New Year, everyone! As much as I loved the MIT gym, I don’t want my last entry on the MIT Admissions website to be about the Z Center. So I am following Mollie’s lead and posting an update on my life after MIT, or should I say my hiatus from MIT (I will be returning to the joint Harvard-MIT Health Sciences and Technology program to get an MD-PhD.) For those of you who are new to the blogs, I graduated in June 2008 with a degree in Mechanical Engineering with Biomedical Engineering (Course 2A). After spending a summer traveling with friends and working at the NIH, I packed up my bags and skipped across the pond to Oxford University in England. I am reading for a Masters degree in Integrated Immunology and enjoying my time at a university that is very, very different from our beloved Institute. These differences are too numerous to cover in this blog entry, but I’ll try to touch on some of the surprising/quirky ones. 1) Accommodations What does “new” mean to you? The MIT dorm called New House opened in 1975. This makes it older than me but younger than my parents, so Id consider the designation as “new” to be warranted. Now consider New College in Oxford, which is 620 years old and gets its name from the fact that it came after Oriel College (founded in 1324.) It’s all relative! At MIT, I lived in Next House for my first two years and Baker House for my last two. I was utterly spoiled with gorgeous river views in both dorms. At Oxford I live in Oriel College and the front quad (pictured below) was built in the 1620s, back when Cambridge, MA was just called “Newe Towne.” Maybe people should stop naming things “New 2) Classes I’m really enjoying my immunology program. For a taste of the subject, check out the book “How the Immune System Works” by Lauren Sompayrac; it’s very clear and simple. The intricacies of the immune system will astound you, I guarantee it. For example, the body has evolved a beautiful system to “deliver” white blood cells to the right part of the body at the right time. It works just like the postal system, where an address ensures the delivery of a letter to the right mailbox. White blood cells carry a unique pattern of receptors and proteins on their surface that enables them to exit the bloodstream and enter infected tissues. This cellular delivery system is at work all day, every day to keep you healthy! My program has at least three hours of lecture every day and the lectures are taught by experts in the field who come from all over the United Kingdom. There are 18 of us in the program and we’re together all day, every day! This is very different from the typical undergraduate schedule at MIT, where I had at least four different classes, usually in completely different fields. Also as an undergrad I had a UROP every semester, so I constantly juggled classes with lab work. Unfortunately I’m in a taught Masters program now where we’re not supposed to do research until the third term (April-July). I miss the lab and all the excitement that comes with it. 3) Formality and traditions At MIT, you’re likely to see people taking exams in pajamas after rolling out of bed, or possibly after spending all night in the library. Oxford makes you adhere to a dress code for exams, matriculation, and formal hall (which is just a formal 3-course dinner served in your colleges dining hall. Not all colleges have them, but mine offers one every night for three pounds, or about $6!) What is the uniform? For women: a white dress shirt, black skirt or pants, black ribbon thats tied around your neck, black gown (for graduate students the gown does not have sleeves and it has these funny tassels), black shoes, and black tights (a girl was almost not allowed to matriculate because she wore nude tights.) For men, “sub fusc” attire consists of a tuxedo and white bowtie. Here’s a picture from our Matriculation, which is a ceremony after the first week of classes where you officially become a member of Oxford. The MIT equivalent occurs during Freshman Convocation, when President H ockfield gives a speech welcoming you to MIT. 4) Social life Parties at Oxford are called “bops” and often have a theme, like “Back to School”, “When I Grow Up” or even “Fratparty.” People take the themes pretty seriously and dress accordingly. Each college also has common rooms for undergraduates and graduates, where people regularly hang out and relax. A big difference between the US and the UK is the drinking age, so much of the social life revolves around the many pubs of Oxford. The pubs in Oxford each proudly display portraits and plaques commemorating the famous people that have had a pint there. The Eagle and Child was the meeting place of J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis’s writers’ group called the Inklings, and the Turf Tavern was a favorite hangout spot of Bill Clinton and Australian Prime Minister Bob Hawke. 5) Location, location, location Oxford is in the middle of England, which makes it really easy to take weekend trips to London, other cities in the UK, and even Paris and Brussels, which are both less than three hours away from London by train. My course is intense so I haven’t had too much time to venture out of Oxford, but the few occasions where I have traveled were great. In November I went to Cardiff, the capital of Wales, on the same day that the highly anticipated Wales vs. Australia rugby game was being played in the Cardiff stadium. The streets were filled with fans sporting red rugby shirts and painted faces. We watched part of the game and skipped the second half to visit the Cardiff Castle, which was closed earlier in the day due to a bomb threat! That’s basically my life on the other side of the Atlantic. Many aspects are the same as MIT (going to class, attending seminars by prominent scientists, enjoying the company of friends), but the differences help me to appreciate my experiences at both places even more. I have come to appreciate the fact that MIT is a place of innumerable opportunities. Looking back, I am so thankful for all of the activities that I was involved with, the variety and quality of classes that were available, the labs that welcomed UROPs with open arms, the friends that worked hard and played hard by my side, and the professors who pushed us to our limits. It’s surely not easy to drink from the fire hose, especially right before Thanksgiving and Spring Break when deadlines pile up, sleep takes a backseat, and you spend your entire TechCash balance on coffee and candy at the convenience store in the Student Center. Yes, it’s necessary to make sacrifices (people like to say that you have three optio ns: study, sleep, and socialize…pick two) but ultimately MIT will help you to achieve more than you imagined yourself capable of. For all of you fretting about submitting your applications, good luck!

Essay about The Pros and Cons of Government Welfare...

For a long time now, since the accomplished formation of a stable government, the U.S government has had programs and passed laws that either dealt with issues of or influence family. Many of these â€Å"family† programs and laws currently in place today are frequently and commonly debated. One of the most debated and most labored over â€Å"family† programs or law is Welfare. The argument is whether or not to, and how welfare should be cut or minimized. The debate is simple enough, but the argument on welfares benefits and drawbacks is not. On the pro side of the argument, on which I stand, welfare aids poor families as well as the economy and may help to reduce crime. Welfares benefits far out weigh its drawbacks. Welfare†¦show more content†¦The purpose of welfare is to aid a person with monetary need in getting by until they can find a job to support themselves, but this seldom occurs. Some argue that there are plenty of poor families that get along without welfare and its benefits. These people argue that the heads of these families have multiple jobs and work extremely hard to get by, while others just sit and collect a welfare check from the government. I feel that this is unfair to the hard workers, and unfair to us tax payers. Others say that these people are in their present situation because of their own ill choices in life and that the government owes them nothing. It is also true that there exist a great number of people that abuse the welfare program. These individuals may enroll in welfare without the intention of ever getting a job. Others trade foodstamps for cash or drugs. These ideas, or facts, can be used as a valid argument for the dismantling, or at least minimizing, of the welfare program. Currently steps are being taken by the government to reduce the number of welfare recipients as well as to minimize spending on the program itself. The president recently introduced his â€Å"Workfare† plan. This plan, by forcing individuals to both work and search for work and by ultimately truncating their welfare benefits, should reduce both the number of peopleShow MoreRelatedWelfare Drug Testing Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesWelfare Drug Testing Trevor Brooks, SOC 110 11/09/2011 In today’s America, government aid is highly depended on. The US government has spent $498 billion dollars this year on welfare alone. The state of Tennessee has an average of 250,000 residents on welfare and has $3 billion dollars this year alone. To help cut costs and help tax payers, 36 states, including Tennessee, have proposed a bill to drug test all welfare recipients. Since the beginning of the year, the welfare rateRead MoreEssay on Immigration Pros and Cons2655 Words   |  11 PagesImmigration Pros and Cons It is historically acknowledged that the authentic Native-Americans are the Indians and there is documented theory that their origination possibly evolved from Asia. From the first settlers, throughout the establishment of the 13 colonies and the growth of the United States, state-by-state, America has truly become the â€Å"Melting Pot†, a nation of immigrants. The United States Census in 2007 allocates that more than 38 million of the nation’s residents were foreign-born;Read MoreThe Importance Of Studying The Relationships And Subject Formations1688 Words   |  7 PagesIntersectionality is the methodology of studying the relationships and subject formations. For this paper I will be describing myself how society sees me, and also explain the pro’s, con’s, and loopholes to all of the categories I belong to. I am an African American, bisexual female studying at a historically black college. In my household, according to society I would be labeled as the middle class. I have no preferences other than Christianity for my religion. Growing up I always lived in predominantlyRead MoreIllegal Immigration And Illegal Immigrants3175 Words   |  13 Pagespublic spending. Illegal immigrants with big families and lowed incomes impact public spending the most because of their need for aid from the state and local governments (Hanson, 2007). Even though the federal government offers resources to state and local governments those funds do not fully cover the costs acquired by these governments. Education is the largest cost imposed on state and local budgets. In 1982 the Supreme Court ruled that states could not exclude children from public educationRead MoreArgument for a National Health Care System Essay4364 Words   |  18 PagesAmericans (and their dependents) receive health insurance through their employment. A large proportion of citizens who are not covered through their employment are only partially covered by charity care, municipal health care facilities, or government#64979;sponsored programs such as Medicaid and Medicare. Both of these assumptions break down in the case of the uninsured or the working poor, approximately 45 million Americans or 15.6 % of the population that tends to be clustered in jobs that are low payingRead MoreAmerica Needs Mass-immigration2668 Words   |  11 Pageshuge economic boon would follow and possibly even result in our country being where it was in it’s heyday. I suggest the best method to deal with our immigration issue considers immigration’s historical effects on our and other countries, the â€Å"pro’s and con’s† to both side’s arguments, the need of immigrants, the benefits of immigration, and their effect upon the future of our country. The two â€Å"sides† mentioned above are the so-called â€Å"restrictionists† and â€Å"counter-restrictionists†. The restrictionistRead MoreStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 Pagesnobility gained the most benefits from the Magna Carta, which established limitations on the power of the king. Which of the following was guaranteed in the English Bill of Rights? Freedom from taxation without representation. Whose ideas about government greatly influenced the men who drafted the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution? John Locke The writings of John Locke, a British philosopher of the Enlightenment period, had a profound influence on the Founding Fathers. What was

Dr. Bird s Advice For Sad Poets - 2230 Words

Often in a novel the author uses their writings to talk about serious subjects and form a theme that has an important meaning and message behind it. In the coming of age novels Dr. Bird’s Advice for Sad Poets by Evan Roskos and, The Perks of Being a Wallflower by Stephen Chbosky, the theme that you should celebrate everything you are because what you’re feeling is valid and shall pass is common throughout both books. In Dr. Bird’s Advice for Sad Poets the main character, James Whitman is a junior in highschool who wakes up yawping and quoting Walt Whitman. From the outside he looks like an enigma. He lives in a small town with his abusive dad who kicked his sister, Jorie, out and, his submissive mother. James is struggling with severe depression and anxiety. To help cope with what he’s feeling, James’ has an imaginary, human size, bird, therapist. Because she’s living inside James’ head she is only able to tell James things he already knows but just doesn t really want to admit. He talks to his therapist, â€Å"Dr. Bird†, while he works at a pizza parlor to save up enough money to go to a real therapist, since he knows his parents won’t get him one. Another way James deals with his feeling is by hugging trees and writing poetry. He begins to help write his school s literary magazine and starts to fall in love with head writer, Beth. To make thi ngs worse, James continues to blame himself for his sister’s misfortune. James’ sister, Jordie, was a senior in highschool when sheShow MoreRelatedFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pagespreached high moral principles and on the other hand, he also expressed a mean capacity by compromising upon those morals for the sake of worldly success. For this reaon, William Blake, a spiritual poet says about his essays:   â€Å"Good advice for Satan’s Kingdom.† Blake considers any utilitarian advice contrary to God’s ways, but Bacon does not bother for that. He considers this world more important and striving after the success in this world is equally important. Bacon discusses man as he â€Å"appears†Read MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 PagesHis favorite poet was Paul Laurence Dunbar, who wrote formal poetry, but became famous for poems written in black dialect. Langston also read the Bible. His favorite novels were Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin, Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Zane Greys, Riders of the Purple Sage, Harold Bell Wrights The Shepherd of the Hills, Edna Ferbers Cimarron, Gene Stratton Porters Freckles, and Florence L. Barclays The Mistress of Shenstone. Langston admired poet Paul LaurenceRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesrelevant experiences. As indicated above, you may include a personal anecdote, typically in the opening paragraph, but refrain from developing an autobiographical narrative, which does not reveal to readers what they need to know about you. Follow the advice of the quote that follows: ―Applicants can benefit from letting us see something of themselves as people. Personal stories can sometimes be effective, particularly stories of hardships overcome or of an emerging sense of purpose. Stories of that sortRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 PagesExecutive Summary On December 3, 1984, toxic poisonous methyl isocyanate gas leaked from Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL s) pesticide plant in Bhopal. The gas leak triggered a disaster that is now widely recognized as the world worst industrial catastrophe. Thousands of people were killed instantly and more than 25,000 people have died of gas-related illnesses, several thousands more maimed for life since. Union Carbide negotiated a settlement with the Indian Government in 1989 for $470 millionRead MoreLgbt19540 Words   |  79 PagesAlthough identical in meaning, LGBT may have a more feminist connotation than GLBT as it places the L (for lesbian) first.[24] When not inclusive of transgender people it is sometimes shortened to LGB.[24][27] LGBT may also include additional Qs for queer or questioning (sometimes abbreviated with a question mark and sometimes used to mean anybody not literally L, G, B or T) producing the variants LGBTQ and LGBTQQ.[28][29][30] Other variants may add a U for unsure; a C for curious;

Mobile Ip Free Essays

Checkpoint – Current State of Mobile IP Lori J. Babler IT241 September 29, 2011 Richard Pierce Checkpoint – Current State of Mobile IP After completing some internet research on Mobile IP, I discovered that it is currently being used in situations where a Mobile Network is required. A Mobile Network is a completely wireless network in which its devices are continuously moving and never really in one particular place. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Ip or any similar topic only for you Order Now A completely Mobile Network requires that the devices within it have two simultaneous IP Addresses one of which is used for local networking off of the local router and another which is used when roaming into other networks. The obvious advantage to this technology is that mobile devices can have continuous connection with the internet or a mobile network without any interruption of service. The disadvantage that I felt was important is that the foreign IP address hosts must be configured as such (GANGULY, 2009). I feel that what is holding Mobile IP back is the fact that this technology is not seen by the user it isn’t knowledge to the user. Only the network administrators or engineers are aware of the configuration required to implement this technology. I also feel that because the foreign IP Hosts require configuration to become Mobile IP that there is a lapse in its popularity. Another strong reason is that the technology is still being perfected (GANGULY, 2009) and once that occurs I feel it will boom. I do think that this technology will become a standard for mobile computing eventually but just as with all technology, society needs to catch up with it first. Reference GANGULY, K. (2009). The Study of Mobile IP Retrieved from www. cs. wichita. edu/~chang/lecture/cs843/project/†¦ /kg-mobile_ip. do†¦ How to cite Mobile Ip, Papers

Torque physics lab report Essay Example

Torque physics lab report Paper The purpose of this experiment was to help understand torque by not only measuring it but also by manipulating and adjusting the weights experimentally. Procedure In order to perform all the procedures a few instruments were required a meter stick, a triple beam balance, suspension clamps and their stirrups, a knife edge, as well as weights of 50 and 100 grams and a spring scale. The meter stick was weighed (without the clamp), and its center of gravity was found (its not usually exactly at 50cm), the 6 clamps were weighed as well. For the first part the meter stick was put on 35cm and a 100g weight was adjusted until the center of balance was found, the position was recorded, this was than done with 150g and 50g. Once the values were recorded the weight of the bar was calculated and the average was found. For the next part of the experiment three weights were attached anywhere on the bar, the center one was adjusted till there was equilibrium and than the force was measured with a spring scale. The numbers were recorded and the weights of down and upward forces were measured as well as the clockwise and counter clockwise torques. For the last part of the experiment six clamps were arranged on the bar( with weights on them ) so that one was at 10cm and one at 90cm and the rest were spread in between , one end was supported by the knife edge and the other by the spring scale. The forced shown by the scale was recorded, the ends were than switched and the force was once again recorded. We will write a custom essay sample on Torque physics lab report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Torque physics lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Torque physics lab report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Calculations were than done to verify the sum of the torque was that of the reading on the spring scale as well as that the total sum of the weights was compared via calculation to the upward force shown. Data/Analysis Part I: Prep Part II: Calculating the weight of the meter bar by balancing torque (mb): (mc= mass of clamp, g = acceleration due to gravity) Table 1: Determination of Meter Weight by Balancing to Torque (Experimental) m= mass of weights (g) x= Clamp Position from knife edge (cm) mb= Weight of Meter Bar from Balancing Torque (g) Position on meter stick (cm) r= position from axis of rotation (m) (N*m)96 Questions: The motion of the rigid system will move up in the counter clockwise direction if the condition for equilibrium is not satisfied in which the spring has greater force. The opposite will happen if the meter bar and weights have a greater force than the spring. The same goes for the Torque. If the second condition for equilibrium is not satisfied and there is greater torque of the spring, the system will move in the counter clockwise motion and will move clockwise if the Torque is greater for the meter bar. The motion of the rigid system will move in the same fashion as described above if neither of the conditions for equilibrium are satisfied. If there are equal numbers of suspension clamps on each side of the support with the same weight, their weights can be omitted from the calculations because the weights can be factored out and be eliminated from the way the force and torque equations are set-up. Regardless, they should total to zero. When the center of gravity of the meter bar was determined in Part I, the bar was supported at a point coinciding with the center of gravity. If the clamp were to have been inverted, where the bar is supported at a point above the center of gravity, you wouldnt een be able to balance the meter bar because it is not in the center of gravity it would just be slack and hang down. Therefore you wouldnt even find the accurate position where it is level. This would have skewed the results, making inaccurate readings and calculations. In part IV, if the meter bar were to be held at an incline of 30 degrees angle above the horizontal by the spring balance, the spring balance reading would remain the same because the force of the spring is just m*g, which remains the same even if you change the angle. The mass and acceleration due to gravity remains constant. However, Torque changes (t=r(F*sin(? )) since angle comes into account. Figure: Conclusion In the study of this lab, torque was observed by measuring, manipulating, and adjusting the weights on the meter bar. The weight of the meter bar was found by experimentally calculating the torque. Comparing the actual weight of the meter bar and the experimental values, the percent error was only 5. 96%-14. %. This percent error is low enough to be negligible and to confirm the equation used for Part II. In Part III and IV, the forces acting on the meter stick are in the vertical direction. Since the meter stick was level, the angle was 180 degrees meaning the force acted on the axis on either side of the center of balance. The experiment should have observed that the net force and net torque acting on the meter stick is equaled to zero. However, experimental results show that the net force is not zero. The net torque is not zero as well. However, the net torque value approaches zero more than the experimental values do. Therefore, the torque equation may be confirmed in this experiment, but the force equation cannot because the values are too far from zero. This may be because the presence of error in this lab is high. Errors occurred in this lab are due to inaccurate measurements of position. It was difficult to keep the meter bar steady to find where the stick is level. Also, there may have been something wrong with the balance and springs because they are very old, rusted equipment and may not work as accurately as they did when they were new. Overall, we were able to understand the concept of torque, even if there were errors in our experiment.

Global economy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century

Global economy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century Globalization is the integration of regional economies through trade by reduction of international trade barriers in order to increase material wealth of the people and improve the economies of the nations through good global relations, competition and specialization. The objective of globalization is to enhance the interdependence, business operations and connectivity on an international level with respect to the socioeconomic, cultural, religion, biological, environmental and scientific aspects (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 46).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Global economy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Globalization started in a primeval form especially after the first human settlement in various parts of the world. However, today global economy comprises not only economic aspects or global marketplace but also communication revolution, which is the drivin g force. For instance, the turning point was the late 1960s and early 1970s, when Nora Quebral set up the first effective communications satellite, which made possible direct communication from one part of the world to another. According to Clark (1998), ‘‘that changed more or less the whole of late 20th century history’’ (p. 488). In addition, Soviet Union declined because it could only compete in the old industrial economy but not in the new global electronic world. Communication transformation has enhanced interaction among the regions and has brought a paradigm shift of handling issues especially in the 20th century (Alexander, Korine, 2008, p. 76). Advancement in technology has made the current globalization be very much intense, steady and rapid. It has become international dynamic with all the continents either affected or engaged. Primarily, there was less trade in the global money markets compared to the current situation, where about trillion dol lars turned over daily. While globalization has its own merits and demerits, the paper tables the many benefits and costs of globalization as depicted in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century global economy. Specification of an Economic model In comprehending the benefits and costs of globalization, economic modeling gives a coherent and abstract pattern of isolating and arranging complex causes and effects within various interrelated elements in an economy. Although economists have used empirical, visual, mathematical models among others, simulation model provides a more clear relationship between globalization, poverty and inequality, and the factors for high Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Stulz, 2009, p. 375). Since simulation modeling exemplifies the best elements of mathematical, empirical and other quantitative models, its manipulations do not require proficiency in mathematics. Therefore, in my view, computer simulation is most appropriate in determining nationâ€⠄¢s economic changes due to globalization as it allows a person to test for short-term and long-term effects, and to alter a whole range of variables at his or her convenience compared to other models, which suffer from lack of precision and reliability (Routledge, Francis, 2001, p. 120).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More What benefits did the globalization affect? Globalization has helped to shatter the regressive customs responsible for discriminating against people based on sex, race and/or religious beliefs. As such, it has influenced the lives of women in the world positively. ‘‘It is an antidote to the intolerant fundamentalism that oppresses millions of the world’s poorest-majority women’’ (Clark, 1998, p. 492). In the globalized world where competition is paramount, people value the roles of women. Traditionally, majorit y of the cultures never recognized the participation of women in development. However, globalization has rapidly improved the social and economic status of women in the developing world to an extent that those countries that exclude women from participating in the major development project fall ever behind (Kose, 2009, p. 7). In addition, a society, which embraces education for women, has the benefit of remarkable social advancement. As a result, any literate women have a tendency of giving birth to fewer children as well as contributing significantly towards improving her country’ economic outlooks (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 37). Financial independence of women enhances their stature in their communities. Comparably, women are economical in their spending than their spouses as they focus on important areas for social development such as, ‘‘the education, health, and nutrition of their families’’ (Jean, Ferry, 2009, p. 3). Globalization has resulted i nto integration of developed and developing nations. Rapid democratic system of information and technology and economics are the major driving force for globalization, which has turned out to be an extremely progressive and liberating strength (Routledge, Francis, 2001, p. 92). As such, globalization presents some hope for the poor nations that they would, one day, benefit from the fruits of Western liberal traditions (Kose, 2009, p. 2). Even though some ague that globalization has resulted into exploitation of the poor nations by the rich ones, in my view, that is total confusion between corruption and globalization. According to research conducted during 1990s on ‘‘national incomes around the world, the income of rich globalized nations increased by two percent each year’’ (Armstrong, 2000, p. 470). Strategically, practicing global trade allows poor countries to continue developing economically and socially by increasing national incomes to fund innovati on and development (Mouhammed, 2009, p. 50). In addition, a country that capitalizes on production at a lower opportunity cost than other countries receive the maximum benefits of the trade resulting into higher Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Comparably, ‘‘poor, more globalized nations had a higher increase in income per year than poor, less globalized nations’’ (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 42). Therefore, if all countries have a relative advantage, it means that all of them can gain from the trade.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Global economy during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The introduction of advanced technology in the global market result to a steady boost in the demand for commodities as well as maximum utilization. As per statistics, people exchange ‘‘more than $1.5 trillion in the worlds currency markets daily while around one-fifth of products and services are generated per year are bought and sold’’ (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 33). As a result, child labor has dropped with an increase in a country’s income. Since trade enhances economic growth, globalization results in minimal child labor. For instance, from 1960, about thirty-two percent of the children in low-income countries participated in the labor force. However, forty years later, especially after the ‘‘massive expansion in international trade, child labor in the same countries had declined to nineteen percent’’ (Armstrong, 2000, p. 464). Globalization has also lifted the poor towards wealth-alleviated poverty especially in the developing nations. According to UNDP, the last fifty years, has shown a faster global poverty reduction than it had been in the past five hundred years. Notwithstanding, the average income in developing nations has been doubled in the last thirty years (Jean, Ferry, 2009, p. 7). Therefore, globalization enables the poor nations to benefit from the rich ones because when trade and capital movement link the countries, the poor ones seem to gain most. Moreover, wealth also dictates and/or improves the quality of the environmental quality and its resources. Globalization has also lowered the inflation of participating nations. Since 1970s, rising international competition has necessitated the industries to improvise progressively more. The expansion and vitality of capital markets has contributed significantly to the prosperity of most nations. Technological development has enabled the industries to improve their productivity in order to survive the global competition (Jean, Ferry, 2009, p. 10). Accordingly, the integration of technologies has developed new financial instruments leading to an upsurge in productivity in the financial sectors. Because financial globalization has substantially integrated global economy, it has given international in vestors several options of investments opportunities while borrowers access a much wider market for savings in order to reduce their cost of capital. For instance, in the past twenty years, ‘‘the stock of foreign direct investment resources has increased rapidly as a percentage of gross world product’’ (Alexander, Korine, 2008, p. 74).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, globalization has encouraged expansion of local capital markets and financial sectors through technological transfer and employment openings. In addition, market competition has also stopped the businesses from unnecessarily increasing prices for their commodities (Kose, 2009, p. 4). Due to integration of the global market, countries have minimized the effect of inflation. Globalization benefits the nations through multinational corporations and business outsourcings. Globalization minimizes the international trade barriers thereby, giving both the developed and the developing countries equal participation in the free trade in the free markets (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 44). Multinational tend to invest in the developing nation due the availability of cheap labor and in turn bring new ‘‘machinery, better technology, new management skills and production ideas, a larger market and education of workers’’ (Armstrong, 2000, p. 476), consequently, raises output, and wages. The income can eventually enable families to send their children to school and to provide some health care. For instance, during the last forty years, wages in third world nations rose from ten percent to thirty percent of the American industrial wage (Routledge, Francis, 2001, p. 117). As growth occurs due to globalization, child labor will definitely diminish over time. At what costs did the globalization occur? International Capital Mobility is one costs of globalization. Several participants in the globalized economies so and many economists suggest that globalization causes them to feel that their economy is in an unstable situation (Mouhammed, 2009, p. 44). The nation can suffer a loss in its share of the world’s capital at the hands of the global capital market. Furthermore, there is no global control to intervene for compensation (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 39). Several individuals believe that globalization is very unfair because it gears the worldà ¢â‚¬â„¢s capital towards the commercially advantaged economies. Moreover, many of the catch-up countries, for example, China have increased their national investment rate as much as their domestic savings rate (Jean, Ferry, 2009, p. 5). Therefore, the high investment levels in the emerging economies are not sucking capital out of the frontier economies. Globalization does force the workers- adults and children-in poor nations into hard labor as a necessary means for endurance. For instance, in some developing countries, sending children to work is a step towards family survival. Comparably, there are no enough schools and medical care in developing nations as in the wealthier countries (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 42). Traditionally, adequate education and proper health care was available for only better-off families who could afford them. Due to hard conditions of living in the developing countries, some of the female children find themselves into prostitution as a means of getting in come (Kose, 2009, p. 3). In addition, globalization has resulted into global warming, which has adversely affected the climatic conditions of the world. Consequently, farmers in the developing countries with inferior agricultural methods and tools are in constant fear of a failure of their crops, as that would result into starvation (Mouhammed, 2009, p. 48). Terrorism act in another cost of globalization. Terrorism activities have been a major problem to world’s stability. The proponents capitalize on free movement across borders and uses internet and mobile phones for recruit and communications among themselves. Nevertheless, they have access to dangerous weapons, which enhances their ability to cause destruction and loss of lives (Alexander, Korine, 2008, p. 73). The free movements do not only result into terrorism but also result to the spread of deadly diseases such as HIV/AIDS among others, increase human trafficking, undesirable foreign culture through televisions and the Internet as well as the spread of junk food, which adversely affects the lives and health of the developing nations. As Daly points out, †¦people are consuming more junk food from these joints, which have adverse impact on their health (1999, p. 36). A disadvantage of global marketing is inconsistency in consumer needs. If global market is not able to address the uniqueness of customers, then consumers are disadvantaged as they might get their preferences (Stulz, 2009, p. 373). For instance, a customer in one country may be different and/or react differently from those in another country in terms of their countries’ specific brand and product (Armstrong, 2000, p. 468). In addition, there are infrastructural differences and conflicting laws and policies that make global approach difficult to devise (Jean, Ferry, 2009, p. 13). Otherwise, infrastructure may be obstructing the process in one nation while accelerating the same process in another. In such case, internatio nal strategy becomes inconsistent and inadmissible. Another cost of globalization is inequality. Anti-globalists argue that globalization result into an unequal distribution of goods and capital in the world. Accordingly, few individuals enjoy the wealth from the natural resources while most people in the developing nations are yet to receive the perceived benefits of globalization. Therefore, ‘‘those who have capitalism grow rich as those who do not stay poor’’ (Daly, 1999, p. 35). Although, in the 18th century, poverty level was the same on both continents with Europe slightly wealthier than the rest, capitalism in Europe made gave them freedom to escape poverty. The developing nations have unequally distributed the benefits from economic growth making poverty remain stubbornly high (Mouhammed, 2009, p. 34). However, in the last ten years, inequality has increased in both the advanced and emerging economies. Globalization has resulted into loss of million jobs. For instance, it has created a different situation in America. The poll conducted for Wall Street Journal and NBC news indicates that, ‘‘ its impact has been so great on jobs and career in the financial sector, and securities, commodities and other investments’’ (Armstrong, 2000, p. 462). Globalization has also created economic liberalization where workers can emigrate and take jobs in industrial countries and/or work in outsourced industries in their home countries. More US’ nationals have lost jobs due to cheaper labor provided by these emigrants, some whom are political refugees (Clark, 1998, p. 496). The mobility of highly skilled professionals is so high that US opportunities attract the attention of professionals from almost all the nations in the word. How did that affect the global economy today? Globalization has integrated the world’s economies because mobile phones and the Internet have brought human beings closer by making t he world become a smaller place. Such products were once confined to only western countries (Daly, 1999, p. 34). However, with globalization, they are nowadays available across the globe. Today’s developments in traffic communication and transportation make people reach their destination in a somewhat short span of time. In addition, advancement in technology use in media coverage has improved human rights as it draws awareness of the world to human right and freedom abuses (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 51). Technologies such as computer and the internet have made it easier for work outsourcing to any part of the world that has an internet connection. The concept of outsourcing has influenced the economy of both the developing and developed nations. Developed countries have ‘‘outsourced manufacturing and white-collar jobs to developing countries like China and India’’, leaving less opportunities for nationals (Alexander, Korine, 2008, p. 72). For instanc e, most companies outsource manufacturing jobs and software development, editing, customer support, insurance, marketing, and accounting job to China and India respectively where the costs of production are cheaper. Therefore, companies that outsource the job reap the maximum benefit due to lower costs of production (Mouhammed, 2009, p. 32). As a result, outsourcing improves the economy of the developing nations because their workers learn how to use latest technologies while it hampers the economic growth of the developed nations. Globalization acts as a gain to the world economy. It has created free trading environment for the mutual benefit of the countries. As such, it has influenced the financial state and the industrial sector of the nations (Tomohara, Takii, 2011, p. 513). Globalization has given birth to global market, which in turn has widened the accessibility to a variety of both local and foreign commodities based on industrial productions (Fiss, Hirsch, 2005, p. 35). Through the formation of a common global market, competition has forced the firms to lower their prices thereby benefiting the consumers. Politically, globalization has helped in the ‘‘formation of a world government to normalize the existing interactions among countries by ensuring that rights emerge out of economic and social globalizations’’ (Clark, 1998, p. 482). Therefore, it has initiated somewhat amicable interactions among the nations. The Economic Impact on Developed Nations Globalization (EIDNG) forces companies and businesses to acclimatize to diverse strategies based on new principles, which tend to stabilize the rights and interests of the people and the community (Daly, 1999, p. 33). In addition, the fact that globalization allows businesses to compete internationally, means that there is a remarkable ‘‘change for business leaders, labor and management by legally accepting the input of workers and government in developing and imple menting company policies’’ (Armstrong, 2000, p. 472). The involvement of community and the government can help the company to reduce it risks through diversification. Notwithstanding, globalization provides initiatives for reducing macroeconomic instability on output and spending through risk diversification. Moreover, World Bank reports that globalized nations have reduced government outlays, taxes, and levels of corruption. However, globalization has negatively influenced some economies, which depend on agriculture as the backbone of their economic development. Climate changes caused by global warming and pollution adversely affect agricultural outputs (Tomohara, Takii, 2011, p. 520). Globalization has increased utilization of non-renewable resources, at the same time ‘‘contributing to the increase in pollution and global warming’’ that raises the global temperature (Stulz, 2009, p. 366). Conclusion The current state of the world economy is due to the factors of globalization. While some sectors and/or nations have absolutely benefited out of globalization, it has badly hit some countries (Mouhammed, 2009, p. 38). Globalization has benefited the global economy by bringing reformation at the international, national and sub-national levels, integrating financial markets hence hindering entrepreneur economic and social relations through ‘‘multilateralism and microeconomic phenomena’’ (Daly, 1999, p. 32). Globalization has also enhanced global trade, short and long-term investments, technological advancement, competition and diversification- leading to reduced prices, greater efficiency and greater economic growth. The negative impacts of globalization are attributed to lack of proper management of the globalization process. It was the main cause of the Great Recession in the US and many other nations. Many Americans considers the relative decline in US power as being due to its high trade imbala nce caused by globalization (Alexander, Korine, 2008, p. 71). Accordingly, globalization has opened the world boundaries- exposing people to harm of terrorism, human trafficking, drugs and pornography. In addition, it has marginalized the uneducated and low-skilled employees; caused high salary of capital and has destroyed national industry and jobs as claimed by reformists and revolutionists who argued that income inequality of the nations is due economic globalization (Clark, 1998, p. 490). There is, therefore, little doubt that globalization has both benefits and harms towards people and the world. However, responsible authorities can provide the best solution to reduce the harms of globalization. Reference List Alexander, M., Korine, H. (2008). When you should not Go Global. Harvard Business  Review, 86(12), 70-77. Armstrong, D. (2000). Globalization and the Social State. Review of International  Studies, 24(4), 461–478. Clark, I. (1998). Beyond the Great Divide: Gl obalization and the Theory of International Relations. Review of International Studies, 24(4), 479–498. Daly, H. (1999). Globalization versus Internationalization-Some Implications. Journal for Ecological Economics, 3(1), 31–37. Fiss, P., Hirsch, P. (2005). The Discourse of Globalization: Framing and Sense Making of an Emerging Concept. American Sociological Review, 70(1), 29–52. Jean, P., Ferry, S. (2009). Reshaping the Global Economy. A quarterly magazine of  The IMF, 46(1), 1-15. Kose, M. (2009). Frontiers of Research on Financial Globalization. IMF Staff Papers,  56(1), 1-7. Mouhammed, A. (2009). The costs and benefits of globalization in light of the recent Recession in the American economy. Journal of International Business Economics, 9(3), 32-45. Routledge, T., Francis, B. (2001). Globalization, the reformist Left and the Anti-Globalization Movement, Democracy and Nature. The International Journal of  Inclusive Democracy, 7(2), 86-121. Stulz, R. (2009). Securities Laws, Disclosure, and National Capital Markets in the Age Of Financial Globalization. Journal of Accounting Research, 47(2), 349-390. Tomohara, A., Takii, S. (2011). Does globalization benefit developing countries? Effects of FDI on local wages. Journal of Policy Modeling, 33(3), 511-521.

Ethics in Law Enforcement Essay Sample

Ethics in Law Enforcement Essay Sample Ethics in Law Enforcement Essay One similarity between ethics and the rule of law are their origins. Even before we have conceptualized what is considered as a written law, or even coined the term ethics, our ancestors have always known the idea of mores or laws which are the very foundation of what is right or what is wrong. Nevertheless, these mores are not exactly enforced or are just about for certain members of the society, even if people knew that doing do is not right. An example of this could be slavery. For hundreds if not thousands of years, slavery is deemed acceptable and also practiced in most parts of the world. This idea is even inscribed in written laws, saying that slavery and forced work is mandatory for individuals who are considered slaves, but not for royalties. In those times, the concept of being unethical and law enforcement is not exactly questioned by mores (right not to die) – since our ancestors have not yet recovered it in their subconscious – and thus are both considered as enforced by law and ethical. However, as time goes by and the intellectual machine of millions and millions of tinkers and scholars who have tapped into the subconscious have combined together to questions these other beliefs, the convergence of the rule of law, ethics, and mores have been inevitable. What this means is that today, what is considered a basic right (more: the right to live) is also enforced by the law and consequently, what is deemed ethical (by following it). In line with this, many people today believe that the statements contained in our rule of law are also what is considered as ethical for everybody and the continued existence of society. However, just as any system established by humans, even the rule of law has its own lapses and one of them is the process of law enforcement. As seen in the news that circulates mass media today, there are cases where law enforcers such as policemen and military have undermined the rights of individuals and have violated these people while in service. In most of these cases, the conflict that happened is due to differences in races, religions, beliefs, or even gender. These puts forward the question of how ethical is law enforcement today, since at times, fulfilling these duties almost equates to doing things which fall outside what is ethical. Nevertheless, what is amusing is how flexible and adaptive law is in addressing these issues. Ever since the beginning of time, our laws have adjusted to accommodate everyone and anyone as well as everything that humans should be concerned about. And, because of the recent commotions and distress about the events which are considered unethical, this flexibility has translated to additional laws and regulations which have been added so that law enforcers could not simply circumvent t hem and rationalize their unethical doings. An example of this law added states that any violence done to anyone, which is unnecessary and which is tied to reasons that include racial differences is punishable by dismissal from office as well as imprisonment. Based on this what is apparent is that as we grow and continue our existence here on this planet, the systems that we’ve made are now becoming more and more similar to the mores that existed above of us. So, today, these mores depicted above, are what is considered as ethical, and therefore both the rule of law and law enforcement must strive to replicate them in order to be considered as so. And hopefully, time will finally come when both the rule of law and its enforcement become completely similar as the mores for which they are based on.

Industrial Economics, Industrial Organization How can game theory help Essay

Industrial Economics, Industrial Organization How can game theory help us to understand firm's interactions Discuss the differe - Essay Example A game theory is composed of a series of elements including: players or partners, rules which imply the possible decisions that one is capable of making given another party’s decisions, and the facts that a player could have knowledge of before moving or making a decision. Other elements include the consequences or outcomes of certain moves and the payoffs of each possible outcome. Payoffs imply the money got from a given decision (Durlauf, 2010). Game theories In arriving at the solutions given the game theories, it is important that industries understand certain tools. These tools include dominated and dominant strategies and the Nash equilibrium. A dominant strategy is a tactic that gives higher payoffs no matter what the opponent does, while a dominated strategy is an approach that is lower than another strategy; this implies that for a dominated strategy, there is a dominant strategy that is in existence over it. On the other hand, in Nash equilibrium, no industry or indi vidual is in preference of a different choice. This means that each player chooses the best strategy given the approaches taken by the other players in the market (Durlauf, 2010). In an effort to understanding how firms and industries react, it is vital that the different types of game theories are understood. Firms’ interactions are mainly guided by certain game theories. There is a myriad of game theories. Simultaneous game is one of the game theories. As the name suggests, the players in the market make decisions independent of the other player’s decisions. This means that no party is aware of the other party’s choices or decisions. This kind of scenario forms what is known as a Cournot model. In such a case, each firm or industry tries to make a forecast of what the other player in the market will be so as to arrive at a reasonable decision itself (Durlauf, 2010). In Cournot models, firms predicts the other industry’s output choice and then based on t he forecasts, each firm goes ahead to choosing a profit maximizing output for itself. In cournot, prices as at Nash equilibrium are above the perfect competitive prices. In this case it is clear that the Cournot game model influence the market price as firms try to control their levels of production. Thus, through Cournot model, it is possible for firms to come up with best reaction functions in their production in cases where the industries have completely no clue on what the other players in the market are up to achieving (Mukherjee, 2004). Sequential game is another game theory whereby an industry or firm makes a decision on price or quantity, when it already has knowledge on what another player or partner has decided on. The kind of strategic interaction depicted in such a scenario gives rise to a Stackleberg’s model. In this model, one industry makes a choice before another. It is frequently used to depict industries in which there is a dominant firm. In the Stacklebergà ¢â‚¬â„¢s model, an industry that is a leader chooses output to maximize profits depending on how a follower will react to its choice. Given the choices by a leader, a follower will try as much as possible to make profits given the quantity the leader produces. A leader makes decisions on its own production considering the

Critically discuss the article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critically discuss the article - Essay Example Just like in the investment business, the author argues that using past performance of a company’s stock is dangerous. He points out the likelihood of the stock underperforming in the future (Sullivan 2012, p. 1). According to Sullivan (2012, p. 2), investors ask the wrong question by raising an argument of the best funds between active and index funds. To the author, searching for patterns does not result to good investment policy. He proposes that the best way of picking good managers is by mixing art and science. The ability of mutual and hedge fund managers to excellently perform when the indexes are at the peak and then declining as more money comes into the funds makes the practice an art. The science of choosing managers involves a four element criteria of investment process, organizational structure, past returns and due diligence. He points out that performance track record is not the only indicator of good performance by a manager. To him, a good manager ought to have an investment plan or an institutional structure that is better than what people can see. The manager should not only use market timing, but rather understand the market properly to know when to enter and when top exit (Sullivan 2012, p. 3). The author, in trying to advice investors on the best methods to use in hiring managers who can perform has incorporated a number of factors. To him, those who use past performance make a big mistake. A number of factors can lead to managers performing well, which should be verified. However, when hiring, there is no indication that the manager is likely going to maintain the performance record or not. The author was right that a number of factors are involved in evaluating performance by a manager. The fact that the past does not always reflect the future outcome is true. However, past performance cannot be rubbished altogether. The very

The Queen Versuse Dudley And Stephens

The Queen Versuse Dudley And Stephens In this report, I will be using the sited case The Queen v. Dudley and Stephens (1884) with reference to the relevant moral philosophies to anlayse what are the possible options that people would decide when they are in the same situation as Dudley. Four English sailors were trapped at sea in a small lifeboat in the South Atlantic, over a thousand miles from land. They had only two cans of preserved turnips and no fresh water. They had been without food and water for several days. And finally, Captain Thomas Dudley suggested killing Richard Parker so that they could feed on him. Dudley and Stephens ended up killing Parker, and ate him to survive. They were rescued four days later and went to trial. They were sentenced to death penalty; however, their sentence was reduced to six months imprisonment later. 2 Utilitarianism and Categorical Imperative According to Jeremy Bentham (1748 1832), the utilitarian philosophy states that the right thing to do is whatever will maximize utility. He meant utility as whatever produces pleasure or happiness and whatever prevents pain or sufferings. He had made the assumption that human are governed by the feelings of pain and pleasure and that human like pleasure and dislike pain. This doctrine said that the right thing to do is whatever produces the greatest good for the greatest number. On the other hand, Immanuel Kant (1724 1804) provides us with another alternative philosophy Categorical Imperative. He said that categorical locates morality in certain duties and right regardless of the consequences. He regards morality not as to maximize happiness but rather regard people as an end, and never as a means to an end. We should treat people with respect and not use them as mere instruments. 3 Moral and Ethical Issues Raised Some moral issues raised from this case would be that Would it be morally justified to kill an innocent person out of necessity in order to prevent many other innocent persons from dying?; Would it makes a difference if Parker gave consent to be the one being killed? and Will it be morally justified to feed on Parker, assuming he died naturally? Some may argue that it would be essential to kill one person in order to save three lives. In this case, they support Benthams utilitarianism. While others might oppose the idea of utilitarianism and argue that Parker would have the right to live and to kill a person is considered as murder regardless of the reason which suggests the doctrine of categorical imperative. 4 Viewpoints of Captain Thomas Dudley and Edwin Stephen Both Dudley and Stephen claimed that they killed and ate Parker. Under the extreme situation, they had no choice but to kill someone out of necessity. Why is necessity so important to the extent that someone will kill another person in order to save the many other people? According to Oxford dictionary, necessity is defined as a thing that you must have and cannot manage without. Maslows hierarchy of needs states that you have to fulfill the basic physiological needs before other needs. Physiological needs refer to food, air, water, breathing, nutrition, etc. Dudley and Stephen were faced with the situation without food and water, which are considered as their basic needs. I believe that in this case, the fear of dying (without food and water for several days) makes them do anything in order to survive for a short while longer to sustain hope of rescue. Their own lives and families motivated them to kill Parker. The decision made might be unacceptable by others. During near-death experience, Parker was regarded as food to them; they would not think that it is morally wrong by eating him. Majority in the same situation as them would have probably done the same thing. For instance, people suffering from famine, often turn to practice cannibalism as a last resort. During the famine period (1609 1610) in colonial Jamestown, colonists turned to cannibalism. One man was confessed to have killed and eaten his pregnant wife out of necessity (Colonial Williamsburg, 2007). They figured out that the best decision that will benefit most of the people would be to kill Parker, the weakened and ill, since he is the most likely to die before them. I have made an assumption that they had used Benthams idea of utility a common currency of value to evaluate the benefits. They had translated human life into monetary terms. They had families to support unlike Parker who had no dependents. Therefore, the death of Parker will not only benefit Dudley and Stephen, but also their families in terms of financial support and no grieving over lost of their families. They do not regard this as morally incorrect as they think that the decision made was for the greatest good for the greatest number. Professor Michael Sandels example The Runway Trolley shows that most of the people would turn the trolley car onto the side track, killing one person instead of five persons for the first scenario. This is similar to the case of Dudley and Stephen where they killed one person in order to save more people except that in the trolley case is not cannibalism. They have made the same decision as what the majority will do. 5 Viewpoints of Dudley and Stephens Families Their interests would be that Dudley and Stephen ought to have the right to live. I supposed they supported utilitarianism where Dudley and Stephen would be considered as morally justified to have eaten Parker out of necessity. I think that the idea of the greatest good for the greatest number is supported by their families. Without this, Dudley and Stephen would be deem as criminal and maybe sentenced to death. They considered their welfare as a whole would be more beneficial than having all four sailors to die, leaving their families with grieve and no support. 6 Viewpoints of Richard Parker Dudley and Stephens disrespected Parkers individual rights. Everyone have the right to live, however, utilitarianism only concerns about the sum of satisfactions. In Parkers viewpoints, I think that he would favour impartiality, where he gets the right to choose. Impartiality would mean that each persons interests are equally important; from the moral point of view, there are no privileged persons. We must recognise other peoples welfare as important as their own. Another issue raised is that he is an orphan and he had no dependents, does this mean that they could violate Parkers individual rights? The United States Declaration of Independence declared in 1766 that all men are endowed with certain inalienable rights, and that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. I think that Parker prefers categorical imperative than utilitarianism. Categorical treat people as end instead of treating the person as a tool to achieve something else. It would be morally wrong, to use Parker as a tool for their own survival. 7 Viewpoints of General Public General public would be interested to know how this verdict would impact future similar cases. Precedent becomes binding and must be followed by courts of same rank. If judge allows the use of necessity as a defence, then there will be a higher risk of more atrocious crime. And the problem rise with who should decide what is considered as necessity. 8 My Stand as Captain Thomas Dudley If I were Dudley, I would not kill Parker and rather wait for rescue under the same circumstances. I would define moral as the principles of right conduct or the distinction between right and wrong. I would support categorical imperative in this situation. The reasons for my choice are as below: Individual rights I believe that human have certain fundamental rights. Kant mentioned that every person is worthy of respect, not because we own ourselves but because we are rational beings, capable of reason; we are also autonomous beings, capable of acting and choosing freely. We should take into account of individual needs. However, utilitarianism would argue that by taking account of individual needs rather than the overall needs would produce greater unhappiness over happiness. Utilitarianism requires us to promote the general welfare which results in no priority given to our own interests. It stated that every persons life and interest rank equally with everyone elses. For instance, if a parent thinks that by sacrificing his child to be burned in a building, thinking that someone else in the building should be saved as their future contribution to the general welfare seems greater than the childs. (Cyndi Banks, 2004) I would think that the parents act as immoral. This is because family and friends are not just members of humanity, they are special to us and if we were to show no more concern for their welfare than others, it just does not seem right. I think to put a common currency of value to human life would be inappropriate. Human life is beyond calculations and assigning monetary terms to it does not suffice. This is because money could not buy health (life). Murder is murder, innocent Moreover, I think that murder is considered as fundamentally wrong, no matter under what situation; murder is still not morally permissible. No doubt that sometimes murder is use as self-defense, but it would still be morally wrong. If they were to do so, then what is the difference between them and the person who is causing danger to them? For example, in the case of terrorists, they killed thousands of people so as to achieve their purpose. When these terrorists were caught by the police, they interrogated and tortured them. In this way, the police are acting like the terrorists where they use others so as to achieve their goal. Kant said that we should not use people as instruments to achieve their own goals. I would agree to his idea that individual has the rights to live and it is unfair to make use of them to achieve their goal. Some may say that the terrorists deserved for what they have done. However, Parker is innocent, he did not do anything wrong to Dudley and Stephen nor did he choose to die. Consent This raised another issue of whether consent were given by Parker, would be morally justifiable for Dudley to do so. I think that the consent given by Parker would be a good reason (but not necessary the morally right reason) for Dudley to kill him. This merely lessens Dudleys guilt, but still morally incorrect. It does not mean that the permission given to do something would be morally correct. For example, if A were to give permission to B to kill C, does this mean that B is correct? I believe that everyone would agree that B is wrong. Necessity Parker had no family whereas Dudley and Stephen had families at home. They were without food and water for numerous days and the decision to kill Parker might have save the rest. I understand that under extreme situation, the fear of dying would make someone do something that he or she would not have done previously. However, this does not permit them to kill parker. I think that under no circumstances that someone has the power to voluntary take another persons life. Lord Denning laid down the general approach from the case of Southwark London Borough Council v Williams (1971) that necessity should be denied as a defence otherwise anarchy and disorder would follow. He add on that if hunger was allowed to become the basis of necessity, any poor person might seek to justify burglary to steal food by saying that he or she had reasonable believed that this was a response to the threat of malnutrition. As a rational person, I believe that this would not be what the general public would want. Therefore, even in Benthams point of view, to measure the overall happiness, I think it would be more appropriate to consider the general public instead of just Dudley, Stephen and their families. It would be morally wrong for Dudley and Stephen to kill Parker. Die naturally and feed on parker? 9 Conclusion I think that people will determine the right thing to do (whether involved or as onlookers), and decide based on different philosophies for different situations. They tend not to follow one particular philosophy at all times. For example, the case of ticking time bomb, where torturing of terrorist is required to reveal the bombs location (Michael Sandel, 2009). I believe majority would support the idea of torturing the terrorist to save thousands of lives even we are uncertain of whether he knows about the location. I still think that it would be morally wrong to torture the terrorist because I do not want to act like a terrorist. However, I think that it is not about right or wrong but rather you must do it even though you knew it was wrong. The difference between this case and Dudleys case would be the impact. In the terrorists case, not only thousands of lives are involved, the impact is greater where other countries might also be affected as well (financial and tourism). Secondly, I think that guilty does not equate to morally incorrect and vice versa. Similarly, law and morality are not the same, and many things may be immoral which are not necessarily illegal. If these men were to be found innocent, it would signal the divorce of law from morality. Lastly, I think that it would be a wise decision for not allowing necessity to be used as defence. Just like what Lord Denning had said, by allowing necessity as a defence, disorder would follow. Then what is the purpose for having law and justice? Law is to uphold the justice in society, if necessity can be used as defence, and then there would be a lot of excuses of the wrongdoer.

Indian River and Its Tributeries Essay

The Lohit River has derived its name because of its vigorous nature and thus it is also called the river of blood. The lateritic soil of the river forms its surrounding demography. The river flows through the Mishmi Hills, to meet the Siang at the head of the Brahmaputra valley. The Burhidihing River is one of the major tributaries of the Brahmaputra River. The River Burhidihing flowing at the speed of 103. 58m at Khowang. The waters fall from an elevation of 102. 11m. This river is highly prone to floods and the previous highest flood level was measured to be 103. 92m in1988. Damodar River-The Damodar River originates in the Palamau district of Jharkhand near Chandwa village. The origin of Damodar River is in the Chota Nagpur Plateau region of India. The river flows through the states of Jharkhand and West Bengal for nearly five hundred and ninety two kilometers and then merges with the Hooghly River, which is in the south west of Kolkata. The Damodar River has a number of tributaries and distributaries. They are Barakar, Konar, Guaia,Jamania, Usri, Bokaro, Haharo, Khadia and Bhera. The Barakar is the most important and the only tributary of the Damodar River. This River arises near Padma in Hazaribagh district, flows through Jharkhand,and meets the Damodar River in Dishergarh in West Bengal. The river used to flow through Bengal in yesteryears, from west to east course and then it joined the Hooghly River at a spot near Kalna. Gradually, the river has changed its course and now most of the water in its lower reaches falls into the Mundeswari River. The Mundeswari River combines with other rivers and ultimately most of the water of the Damodar River flows into the Rupnarayan River. The residual water flows through the Damodar into the Hooghly, located at the south of Kolkata. Earlier the Damodar River was referred to as River of Sorrow in Bengal as it used to flood the Bardhaman, Hooghly, Howrah and Medinipur districts of West Bengal, which led to huge destruction of life and property. Even today the floods sometimes distress the lower Damodar Valley but the chaos it brought about in earlier years. However, after building the dams this flood factor has become a matter of history. Pollution of Damodar River is one of the grave concerns of the Bengal authorities. The Damodar is the most polluted river in India today due the several industries that have sprouted on its mineral-rich banks. There are too many coal-based industries that are been build the Damodar valley. Other industries are mostly government-owned coal washeries, coke oven plants, which are the country`s major iron and steel plants and thermal power plants. Zinc, glass and cement plants also cover wide areas along the riverbanks. The overburden of mine effluents, fly ash, oil, toxic metals and coal dust caused the pollution. Defective mining practices, outdated processing practices and lack of proper maintenance were compounded by corruption, inadequate pollution control and a state pollution control board that did nothing. The people living in the basin are slowly being poisoned because the Damodar and its tributaries is the only source of drinking water for most people living in the area. However, the governmental measures have brought significant changes in the status of the river for the past years. The geology of Damodar River indicate heavy metal concentrations at various zones of the river. At two sites in near mining areas, the coarser particles show similar or even higher heavy metal concentrations than the finer ones. Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is based on the Tenesse Valley Authority of the United States of America. This project benefits the states of West Bengal and Bihar. An important feature of this project is the 692 metres long and 11. 6 metres high barrage constructed across the Damodar at Durgapur. Panchet dam, Farakka Barrage, Tilaiya Dam and Konar Dam are the dams at River Damodar. The tributary of Damodar River is one of the most ferocious and voluminous rivers of Eastern India – River Barakar, which begins near Padma in Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand and flows for 225 km across the northern part of the Chota Nagpur plateau. GANGA– The Ganges River is held sacred by Hindus and is worshipped in its personified formas the Goddess Ganga. The Ganga and its tributaries drain a large and fertile basin with an area of about one million square kilometres. The Ganges has a number of tributaries which are mentioned below: Yamuna River Yamuna River, also known as the Jumna, is a major river of the northern India. Yamuna River has a total length of about 1,376 km (855 mi). The Yamuna`s source is at the Yamunotri glacier near Banderpoonch peaks, in the Mussourie range of the lower Himalayas at an elevation of about 6387 meters above sea level in district Uttarakashi. This river, flows in a southerly direction through the Himalayan foothills, onto the northern Indian plain, and a series of valleys for about 200Kms, along the Uttar Pradesh-Haryana state border. At this point, the Eastern and Western Yamuna canals are fed from the river. Son River One of the largest southern tributaries of the Ganges is the Son River of central India. The Son River originates in the state of Chhattisgarh in the east direction of the origin of Narmada River. It then flows in the north-northwest direction through Madhya Pradesh before turning in the east direction where it meets the Kaimur range. The river starts flowing in the parallel direction of the Kaimur range in the east-northeast direction through Uttar Pradesh and Bihar and joins the Ganges just above Patna, the capital of Bihar. Mahananda River The Mahananda River is a major confluent of the Ganges in eastern part of India. The river originates from the extreme north of West Bengal from thehills of Darjeeling. It then flows southwards through the fertile agricultural area I in Bihar and enters West Bengal. The river then flows in the southeast direction I in to Bangladesh. I Kosi River I Kosi River one of the main rivers in Bihar and a prominent tributary of the Ganges, originates in the Himalayas. Along with its tributaries, the Kosi River traverses along parts of Tibet, including the Mount Everest region and also one third of the eastern part of Nepal. The river has shifted its course from east to west about 120 kilometres in the last two hundred years. Gandak River Gandak is also known as the Kali Gandaki River and Narayani after the confluence with Trisuli in Nepal. Gandak River is a tributary of the Ganga or Ganges River. It is one of the major rivers in Nepal and India. It is a north bank tributary of the Ganga in India. It rises at 7620 m in Tibet near the Nepal border and overlooks the Dhaulagiri. It is distinguished for the deep gorge across which it flows and for a large hydroelectric facility in Nepal. This river also provides water for a major Irrigation cum Hydroelectric power facility at the Indo-Nepal border at Valmikinagar. The river has a total catchment area of 46,300 sqkm out of which 7620 sqkm is located in India. The Gandaki River is mentioned in the ancient Indian epic Mahabharata. Ghaghara River Ghaghara River, also called the Gogra or Ghagra, Nepali Kauriala or Manchu or the Karnali, literally means `holy water from the sacred mountain`. The term Karnali also means â€Å"Turquoise River† and is a trans-boundary perennial river that originates on the Tibetan plateau. The Karnali is called K`ung-ch`iao Ho in Chinese. This river near Manasarowar cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal on its way to the convergence with the Sarda River at Brahmaghat in India where it forms the Ghaghara River. The Ghaghara River is a major left bank tributary of the Ganges. It is the longest and largest river in Nepal with a length of around 507 km and one of the largest affluent of the Ganges. Mahakali River River Mahakali flows between the border of Nepal and India. This river forms the western international border between Nepal and India and it originates from the Greater Himalayas at Kalapaani. The river flows down from a height of 3600 m, in the Pithoragarh District of Uttarakhand. Eventually, it joins with the Gori Ganga at Jauljibi area. This river again joins the Saryu River at Pancheshwar. The vicinity

Raves And Drugs Essay - 1346 Words

Generally people associate raves(Underground Techno parties) with designer drugs like Ecstasy(MDMA), Speed(amphetamine) and other acids like LSD. These drugs are called the Techno Drugs for that reason and most of the time have uplifting and sensatory effects. To understand more clearly the relationship between the raves and these drugs, we first have to understand the philosophy behind the Techno era, and a little about the music. â€Å"Techno, can lift the spirit and become a new world of freedom and peacequot;(DVox Magazine The first electronic music Magazine). Most raves are covered with propaganda about freedom, peace, spirituality and the like. It is no surprise why teens use these specific drugs at raves. quot;The effects of E,†¦show more content†¦7 of my patients who experienced depression made more improvement with E, than with years of therapy and other anti-depressive drugs.quot; (British Medical Journal by Dr. Green Hancock). Drugs are harmful to the human mind , and body in many ways, it is also capable of preventing the body, and mind in fully developing. There are many types of drugs, there are drugs that slow you down, drugs that speed you up, and hallucinogens. Hallucinogenic drugs are substances that distort the perception of objective reality. The most well-known hallucinogens include phencyclidine, otherwise know as PCP, lysergic acid diethylamide, commonly known as LSD or acid, and psilocybin, or quot;magicquot; mushrooms. Under the influence of hallucinogens, the senses of direction, distance, and time become disoriented. You see sound and hear light. These drugs can produce unpredictable, erratic, and violent behavior in users that sometimes leads to serious injuries or death. Drownings, burns, falls, and automobile crashes have also been reported. Some physical risks include mangled, and unclear speech, decreased awareness of touch and pain, convulsion, coma, heart, and lung failure. Psychological risks associated with using ha llucinogens is depression, anxiety, paranoia, confusion, loss of control, and flashbacks. Marijuana is chemotherapeutic drug. This means that it can be used to treat certain types of cancer. The point of these past sentences is to makeShow MoreRelatedOn Raves and Club Drugs1058 Words   |  4 PagesCan’t deny that club drugs helped to achieve this feeling and it was a massive part of it as well. We were confused teenagers who desperately tried to find the way to make sense of this whole world. We wanted to choose our way of life against from a prescribed life what our parents and the government tried to push ourselves into. We wanted to go against this emotionally empty lifestyle that the society wanted us to be part of so we found ourselves in this subculture, the rave subculture. AfterRead MoreEssay on rave culture1098 Words   |  5 Pages Rave Culture What is a rave? Raving is a highly subjective experience. 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